Ambient ionization techniques

From MS Terms

Ambient ionization techniques.

Table of ambient ionization techniques

Click the header box to sort the ambient ionization techniques.

Acronym Technique Material Removal Ionization Classification Reference
ASAP Atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe Heat Chemical ionization #Plasma http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac051470k
APTDI Atmospheric pressure thermal desorption/ionization Heat #Plasma
BADCI Beta electron-assisted direct chemical ionization Heat Metastable chemical ionization #Two step http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/B909072J
DAPCI Desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization Heat Chemical ionization #Plasma http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/B418697D
DAPPI Desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization Heat Photoionization #Extraction http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac071152g
DART Direct analysis in real time Heat Metastable chemical ionization #Plasma http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac050162j
DBDI Dielectric barrier discharge ionization Heat Metastable chemical ionization #Plasma http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2007.07.027
DCBI Desorption corona beam ionization Heat Metastable chemical ionization #Plasma http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/B922616H
DCI Desorption chemical ionization Heat Chemical ionization #Plasma
DEMI Desorption electrospray/metastable-induced ionization Solvent extraction Electrospray/Metastable chemical ionization #Multimode


http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac9014098
DESI Desorption Electrospray Ionization Liquid extraction Electrospray #Extraction
DICE Desorption ionization by charge exchange Liquid extraction #Extraction
EASI Easy ambient sonic-spray ionization Liquid extraction Droplet evaporation #Extraction http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac701960q
EESI Extractive electrospray ionization Aerosol extraction Electrospray #Two step http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b602614a
ELDI Electrospray laser desorption ionization Laser Electrospray #Laser http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3011
HAPGDI Helium atmospheric pressure glow discharge ionization #Plasma
IR-LAMICI Infrared laser ablation metastable-induced chemical ionization Laser Metastable chemical ionization #Laser http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac902905v
LADESI Laser assisted desorption electrospray ionization Laser Electrospray #Laser http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b715146b
LAESI Laser ablation electrospray ionization Laser Electrospray #Laser http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac071181r
LA-FAPA Laser ablation flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow Laser Plasma #Laser http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac801594u
LA-ICP Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma Laser Plasma #Laser
LDAPCI Laser desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization Laser APCI #Laser http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac020402k


LDESI Laser desorption electrospray ionization Laser Electrospray #Laser http://dx.doi.org/
LDI Laser desorption ionization Laser #Other
LEMS Laser electrospray mass spectrometry Laser Electrospray #Laser http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4226
LESA Liquid extraction surface analysis Liquid microjunction Electrospray #Extraction
LIAD-ESI Laser-induced acoustic desorption-electrospray ionization Laser Electrospray #Acoustic http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac800896y
LMJ-SSP Liquid microjunction-surface sampling probe Liquid microjunction Electrospray #Extraction http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac901098d
LSI Laser spray ionization Laser Droplet evaporation #Other http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M900527-MCP200
LTP Low temperature plasma Heat Metastable chemical ionization #Plasma http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac801641a
MAII Matrix-assisted inlet ionization Aerosol Droplet evaporation #Other http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac102339y
MALDESI Matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization Laser Electrospray #Laser http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2006.08.003
nano-DESI Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization Liquid microjunction Electrospray #Extraction http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C0AN00312C
ND-EESI Neutral desorption extractive electrospray ionization Gas Electrospray #Two step http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.1282
PADI Plasma-assisted desorption ionization Heat Metastable chemical ionization #Plasma http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac070109q
PESI Probe electrospray ionization Solid extraction Electrospray #Two step http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3201
PS Paper spray Solid extraction Electrospray http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac902854g
RADIO Radiofrequency acoustic desorption and ionization Acoustic Electrospray #Acoustic http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2008.11.024
RASTIR Remote analyte sampling transport and ionization relay Gas Electrospray http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac800289f
REIMS Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry Heat Charge separation #Other http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200902546
SACI Surface activated chemical ionization Heat Chemical ionization http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138620709787315427
SAII Solvent-assisted inlet ionization Heat Droplet evaporation #Other http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac201982r
SPAMS Single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry Aerosol Laser desorption ionization #Other http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac901208h
TM-DESI Transmission mode desorption electrospray ionization Liquid extraction Electrospray #Extraction

Classification

From http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr300309q (Monge, M. E.; Harris, G. A.; Dwivedi, P.; Fernandez, F. M. Mass Spectrometry: Recent Advances in Direct Open Air Surface Sampling/Ionization. Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 2269-2308)

Extraction

"One-step techniques where desorption occurs by solid?liquid extraction processes dynamically followed by ESI, APPI, sonic spray, or CI ion production mechanisms"

Plasma

"One-step plasma-based techniques involving thermal or chemical sputtering desorption of neutrals working in parallel with chemical ionization mechanisms"

Two step

"Two-step techniques involving thermal desorption or mechanical ablation followed by secondary ionization"

Laser

"Two-step techniques involving laser desorption/ablation followed by secondary ionization"

Acoustic

"Two-step acoustic desorption methods"

Multimode

"Multimode techniques involving two of the principles in previous categories"

Other

"One-of-a-kind techniques that do not fit into previous categories"

Table of spray-based ambient ionization techniques

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Schematic of spray-based ambient ionization
Acronym Technique Spray Ionization Unique feature(s) Reference
AFAI Air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization Electrospray Droplet evaporation Auxilliary drying gas flow (2013) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac400009s
DAPPI Desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization Solvent Photoionization
Chemical ionization
(2007) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac071152g
DEFFI Desorption electro-flow focusing ionization Electrospray Droplet evaporation Auxilliary focusing gas flow (2013) http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3an01164j
DEMI Desorption electrospray/metastable-induced ionization Electrospray Chemical ionization (2009) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac9014098
DESI Desorption Electrospray Ionization Electrospray Droplet evaporation (2004) http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1104404
DeSSI Desorption sonic spray ionization Solvent Droplet evaporation Renamed EASI (2006) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.2680
DICE Desorption ionization by charge exchange Electrospray Chemical ionization Toluene dopant (2010) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2010.04.020
EASI Easy ambient sonic-spray ionization Solvent Droplet evaporation Previously DeSSI (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac701960q
EADESI Electrode-assisted desorption electrospray ionization Electrospray Droplet evaporation extra non-discharge electrode (2010) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.1815
JeDI Jet desorption electrospray ionization Solvent Droplet evaporation (2006) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms
TM-DESI Transmission mode desorption electrospray ionization Electrospray Droplet evaporation Sample on grid (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2008.07.002

Table of laser-based ambient ionization techniques

Click the header box to sort the ambient ionization techniques.

Schematic of laser-based ambient ionization
Acronym Technique Laser Ionization Unique feature(s) Reference
AP-MALDI atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization UV
IR
Direct No matrix with IR (2000) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac990998k
CALDI Charge assisted laser desorption/ionization UV (337 nm) Chemical ionization Pulsed corona discharge (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2008.02.012
ELDI Electrospray laser desorption ionization UV
near-IR
Electrospray Matrix or no-matrix versions (2007) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3011
HALDI High-voltage-assisted laser desorption ionization near-IR (1064 nm) Droplet evaporation Liquid sample (2013) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6499
IR-LAMICI Infrared laser ablation metastable-induced chemical ionization IR (2940 nm) Chemical ionization Glow discharge (2010) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac902905v
LADESI Laser assisted desorption electrospray ionization IR Electrospray (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b715146b
LAESI Laser ablation electrospray ionization IR Electrospray Commercial product (2007) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac071181r
LA-FAPA Laser ablation flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow UV Chemical ionization Afterglow (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac801594u
LA-ICP Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma UV, IR, ns, fs Charge transfer ionization, Penning ionization, etc. Inductively coupled plasma (1985) http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9851000551
LDAPCI Laser desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization IR Chemical ionization (2002) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac020402k
LDESI Laser desorption electrospray ionization IR Electrospray (2007) ASMS MP006
LDI Laser desorption ionization IR, UV Direct Ambient LDI

Same as IR AP-MALDI with endogenous matrix

(1984) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00268a023
LDSPI Laser desorption spray post-ionization near-IR (1064 nm) Electrospray Intended as umbrella term for ELDI, IR-LADESI, LAESI and MALDESI etc. (2010) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4527
LEMS Laser electrospray mass spectrometry near-IR Electrospray non-resonant fs laser (2009) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4226
LIAD-ESI Laser-induced acoustic desorption-electrospray ionization Laser Electrospray Transmission mode foil target (2009) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac800896y
LSI Laser spray ionization Laser Direct Transmission or reflection mode (2009) http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M900527-MCP200
MALDESI Matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization IR, UV Electrospray Matrix used with UV laser
IR can use endogenous matrix
(2006) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2006.08.003
SPAMS Single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry UV Direct Aerosol particle LDI (2009) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac901208h

Table of plasma-based ambient ionization techniques

Click the header box to sort the ambient ionization techniques.

Schematic of plasma-based ambient ionization
Acronym Technique Desorption Ionization Unique feature(s) Reference
ASAP Atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe Heat Chemical ionization Corona discharge (2005) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac051470k
APTDI Atmospheric pressure thermal desorption/ionization Heat Chemical ionization (2006) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200600660
BADCI Beta electron-assisted direct chemical ionization Heat Metastable chemical ionization Beta electron source (2009) http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/B909072J
DAPCI Desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization Heat Chemical ionization Corona discharge (2005) http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/B418697D
DART Direct analysis in real time Heat Metastable chemical ionization Glow discharge;
Commercial product
(2005) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac050162j
DBDI Dielectric barrier discharge ionization Heat Metastable chemical ionization Dielectric barrier discharge (2007) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2007.07.027
DCBI Desorption corona beam ionization Heat Chemical ionization Corona discharge (2010) http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/B922616H
DCI Desorption chemical ionization Heat Chemical ionization
HAPGDI Helium atmospheric pressure glow discharge ionization Heat Chemical ionization Glow discharge (2006) http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/B607781A
LTP Low temperature plasma Heat Metastable chemical ionization Dielectric barrier discharge (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac801641a
PADI Plasma-assisted desorption ionization Heat Metastable chemical ionization (2007) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac070109q
SACI Surface activated chemical ionization Heat Chemical ionization (2009) http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138620709787315427

Table of sampling-based ambient ionization techniques

Ambient ionization techniques that use non-laser ambient sampling with electrospray or other post-ionization.

Schematic of ambient sampling for mass spectrometry
Acronym Technique Sampling Ionization Unique feature(s) Reference
EESI Extractive electrospray ionization Aerosol Electrospray Aerosol sample (2006) http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b602614a
ESA-Py Electrospray-assisted pyrolysis ionization Pyrolysis Electrospray (2005) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac051116m
ESTASI Electrostatic spray ionization Liquid microjunction Electrospray Direct ESI at contact (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac4031779
LESA Liquid extraction surface analysis Liquid microjunction Electrospray Commercial product (2010) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac901098d
LMJ-SSP Liquid microjunction-surface sampling probe Liquid microjunction Electrospray (2010) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac901098d
nano-DESI Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization Liquid microjunction Electrospray (2009) http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C0AN00312C
ND-EESI Neutral desorption extractive electrospray ionization Electrospray Droplet evaporation Aerosol produced by gas jet (2007) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.1282
PESI Probe electrospray ionization Mechanical Electrospray (2007) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3201
PS Paper spray Deposition Electrospray (2010) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac902854g
RADIO Radiofrequency acoustic desorption and ionization Aerosol Electrospray Aerosol produced by QCM (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2008.11.024
RASTIR Remote analyte sampling transport and ionization relay Aerosol Electrospray Confined flow (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac800289f
REIMS Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry Aerosol Droplet evaporation Surgical aerosol (2009) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200902546
RoPPI Robotic plasma probe ionization Mechanical Electrospray Robotic arm (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an00277f