Radical ion: Difference between revisions

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An ion, either a [[cation]] or [[anion]], containing unpaired electrons in its ground state. The unpaired electron is denoted by a superscript dot alongside the superscript symbol for charge, such as for the molecular ion of a molecule M, that is, M<sup>+</sup>. Radical ions with more than one charge and/or more than one unpaired electron are denoted such as M<sup>(2+)()</sup>.Unless the positions of the unpaired electron and charge can be associated with specific atoms, superscript charge designation should be placed before the superscript dot designation.
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|def='''radical ion'''
'''[[odd-electron ion]]'''
 
Cation or anion containing unpaired electrons in its ground state. An unpaired electron is denoted by a superscript dot following the superscript symbol for charge, such as for the [[molecular ion]] of a molecule M, that is, M<sup>+</sup>. Radical ions with more than one charge and/or more than one unpaired electron are denoted using parentheses, for example, as M<sup>(2+)()</sup>.
:Note 1:Unless the positions of the unpaired electron and charge can be associated with specific atoms, superscript charge designation should be placed before the superscript dot designation.
:Note 2: The order of the unpaired electron and charge are reversed from that recommended for organic and inorganic chemistry in which the dot representing the unpaired electron precedes the symbol for the charge. This convention is widely used in the [[mass spectrometry]] field and has been in place for many decades, and is retained here for that reason.
:Note 3: It is not recommended that the charge designation be placed directly above the centrally placed dot because of the difficulty of extending it to ions bearing more than one charge and/or more than one unpaired electron.
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== Orange Book entry ==
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This is an ion containing an unpaired electron, which is thus both an ion and a radical. In [[mass spectroscopy]] an unpaired electron is denoted by a superscript dot alongside the superscript symbol for charge, thus C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub><sup>+</sup> or SF<sub>6</sub> <sup>-</sup>. An alternative form ([http://www.chemsoc.org/chembytes/goldbook/ IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 1987]) used in inorganic and organic chemistry literature uses the symbolism as in X<sup>&249+</sup>. For species with more than one charge and/or more than one unpaired electron the styles X<sup>(2+) ()</sup> or X<sup>() (2+)</sup> are recommended.
This is an ion containing an unpaired electron, which is thus both an ion and a radical. In [[mass spectroscopy]] an unpaired electron is denoted by a superscript dot alongside the superscript symbol for charge, thus C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub><sup>+</sup> or SF<sub>6</sub> <sup>-</sup>. An alternative form ([http://www.chemsoc.org/chembytes/goldbook/ IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 1987]) used in inorganic and organic chemistry literature uses the symbolism as in X<sup>+</sup>. For species with more than one charge and/or more than one unpaired electron the styles XM<sup>(2+)()</sup> or X<sup>()(2+)</sup> are recommended.
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== Gold Book entry ==
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A radical that carries an electric charge. A positively charged radical is called a ' radical cation ' (e.g. the benzene radical cation  C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>  <sup>+1</sup>  ); a negatively charged radical is called a '  radical anion  ' (e.g. the benzene radical anion  C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>  <sup-</sup>  or the benzophenone radical anion Ph<sub>2</sub>C-O<sup></sup> <sup>-</sup>  ). Commonly, but not necessarily, the odd electron and the charge are associated with the same atom. Unless the positions of unpaired spin and charge can be associated with specific atoms, superscript dot and charge designations should be placed in the order <sup>+1</sup>  or <sup>-</sup>  suggested by the name 'radical ion'. (e.g. C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub><sup>+1</sup>  ).
A radical that carries an electric charge. A positively charged radical is called a ' radical cation ' (e.g. the benzene radical cation  C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>  <sup>+</sup>  ); a negatively charged radical is called a '  radical anion  ' (e.g. the benzene radical anion  C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>  <sup-</sup>  or the benzophenone radical anion Ph<sub>2</sub>C-O<sup></sup> <sup>-</sup>  ). Commonly, but not necessarily, the odd electron and the charge are associated with the same atom. Unless the positions of unpaired spin and charge can be associated with specific atoms, superscript dot and charge designations should be placed in the order <sup>+</sup>  or <sup>-</sup>  suggested by the name 'radical ion'. (e.g. C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub><sup>+</sup>  ).


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[[Category:Ions]]
[[Category:Ions]]
[[Category:Orange Book term]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Radical Ion}}
[[Category:Gold Book term]]

Revision as of 20:49, 4 April 2014